Phytochemical Constituents, Therapeutic Applications and Toxicological Profile of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (DC) Leaf Extract

The medicinal value of herbs and natural plant products depends on their phytochemical constituents that elicit definite physiological or pathological effects in the human body. C. citratus has been extensively consumed globally for its medicinal, cosmetic, and nutritional benefits. Studies on its phytoconstituents have documented the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones, alkaloids, deoxysugars, and various essential oil constituents in the herb. Secondary active metabolites of a number of components have also been implicated in the varied pharmacological effects of this plant, including its toxicity profile. Contrary to the widely held belief that C. citratus is relatively safe for consumption at any dose, recent evidence suggest that factors such as the variation in bioactive constituents and dose/duration of administration could influence its toxicological profile. Although it has a wide range of therapeutic effects, C. citratus should be used with caution by individuals with kidney and liver diseases, pregnant or lactating women, patients on antiplatelet medication or clotting disorders, and in combination with drugs that depend on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system for their metabolism. High doses and prolonged usage of C. citratus tea or decoctions should be discouraged, and more research on dose consistency is warranted.